The Evolution Of The Pc And Microsoft Essay -- essays research papers

The Evolution of the PC and MicrosoftXerox, Apple, IBM, and Compaq all played major roles in the developmentof the Personal Computer, or PC, and the success of Microsoft. Though it may expect so, the computer industry did not just pop-up overnight. It took manyyears of dedication, hard-work, and most importantly, thievery to turn thepersonal computer from a machine the size of a Buick, used only by zit-faced nerds, to the very machine I am typing this report on.Xerox started everything off by creating the first personal computer,the ALTO, in 1973. However, Xerox did not release the computer because they didnot think that was the direction the industry was going. This was the first ofmany mistakes Xerox would make in the next both decades. So, in 1975, Ed Robertsbuilt the Altair 80800, which is largely regarded as the first PC. However, theAltair really served no real purpose. This left computer-lovers still yearningfor the perfect PC...actually, it didnt develop to be perfect, mos t nerds justwanted their computer to do SOMETHING.The burning need for a PC was met in 1977, when Apple, a company formedby Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, released its Apple II. Now the nerds weresatisfied, but that wasnt enough. In order to catapult the PC in to a big-timeproduct, Apple needed to make it marketable to the average Joe. This was madepossible by Vi...

Educational Equity :: essays research papers

Develop an argument on or some ideas of understanding about curriculum as multicultural text by relating the works of Darling-Hammond, French, & Garcia-Lopez, Delpit, Duarte & Smith, Greene, Nieto and Sletter to your experience of curriculum, teaching, and learning as affirming miscellanea. You could think specifically about the following questions Is there a need for regeneration in curriculum studies and designs? Why? What measures do you think will be effective in incorporating such a need into curriculum studies and designs? What is the relevance of diversity to your career goal, to education in your family, community, and school, to education in Georgia, and to education in general? In which way can you develop a curriculum which helps trail empathy, compassion, passion, and hope for citizens of the world, and which fosters social justice? We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal (Declaration of Independence,1776)This quote is symbolic of the e xpressed opinions and ideology of the founding fathers of America. History, curiously the history of the American educational system, paints a contradictory portrait. Idealistic visions of equity and cultural integration are constantly bantered about however, they are rarely enforced and materialized. All men are indeed created equal, but not all men are treated equally. For years, educators and hostelry as a whole drive home performed a great disservice to minorities in the public school sector. If each student is of equal value, worth, and merit, then each student should have equal access code and exposure to culturally reflective learning opportunities. In the past, minorities have had a muted voice because of the attitude of the majority. Maxine Greene summarizes a scene from E.L. Doctorows Ragtime, after which she poses questions that some(prenominal) minorities have no doubt asked silently or loud. Why is he unseen? Why were there no Negroes, no immigrants? More than lik ely because of the assign of the minds of those in power, minds that bestowed upon many others the same invisibility that Ellisons narrator encounters (Greene,1995, p. 159). Multicultural education is needed because it seeks to eradicate invisibility and give voice, power, and validation to the contributions and achievements of people with wide-ranging hues, backgrounds, and experiences.Multicultural education is a process of comprehensive school reform and basic education for all students. It challenges and rejects racism and other forms of discrimination in schools and society and accepts and affirms pluralism (ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, and gender, among others) that students, their communities, and teachers reflect (Nieto, 2000).

The Ambassadors Body Essay -- Screen Theory Films Essays

The Ambassadors Body classify theory developed in the 1970s from the civilise of a group of French andEnglish film theorists including Christian Metz, Laura Mulvey, Jean-Louis Baudry, Jean-LouisComolli, and Stephen Heath. In the form in which it has come to influencecultural studies,it combines elements of an eclectic range of theoretical perspectives, including the early structuralist action of Roland Barthes which proposes that the meanings of signifiers atomic number 18determined by their position within a network of oppositions and equivalencesLouis Althussers conceptualization of interpellation as a process of meconnaissance(misrecognition) and Jacques Lacans seminal work on the mirror stage as a foundationalstep in the child becoming a subject. Screen theory treats filmic patterns as signifiers encoding meanings but also, give thanks to theapparatus through which the images are projected, as mirrors in which, by (mis)recognizingthemselves, viewers accede to subjecti vity. One of its major strengths lies in its techniques foruncovering ideological messages encrypted in images, messages which are taken to have a directconstitutive impact upon their viewers. In the context of the 70s, this aspect of the theorycontributed importantly to the development of a politics of the image which critiqued themass media on the assumption that the images which they circulate shape the subjectivitiesof their viewers. Such a view, divorced from the heady mixture of high theory and leftpolitics associated with Screen theory, remains the cornerstone of much contemporarycensorship practice as well as P.C. politics.According to Screen theory, in addition to functioning as a vehicle for ideological meanings,th... ...en it is in a highly overdetermined way, from the canvasas a whole, rather than, as Lacan claims, from a single formal element, namely the image of theskull. Despite these concessions to Lacans critics, my theoretical account of the gaze remains firml yLacanian. In particular, I reject Screen theorys account of the gaze as mirrorlike in favor ofLacans rival claim that the gaze is a site at which the Real disrupts the visual field. Mydifferences from Lacan reside in an attempt to historicize his work by showing the way in whichideological factors mediate the effect of visual objects upon their viewers.*(From Chapter Six of my forthcoming Fetish An Erotics of Culture to appear with CornellUP, 1999 an earlier version of this like chapter will appear in Chapter Seven of TomRosteck ed., At The Intersection to appear with Guilford, 1998).

Hamlet Literary Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

In & adenosine monophosphate8220 juncture, the tragedy by William Shakespeare, crossroads, the prince of Denmark withholds a great internal conflict end-to-end the head for the hills. As a result, Hamlet contradicts himself many times throughout out the play, which caused the unnecessary death of many others. As well as trying to be true to himself, Hamlet is an expert at acting out roles and making people falsely believe him. The roles he plays are ones in which he fakes stupidity to accomplish his goals. While one second Hamlet pretends to be under a strange spell of madness, seconds later he may become absolutely calm. He struggles with the issue of avenging his father&8217s death. He vows to kill Claudius but then backs out several times. Hamlet&8217s actions throughout the play support this deceitful temper. His dual personalities are the foundation of his madness. There are many examples that illustrate how Hamlet&8217s deceitful nature results in a tragedy becaus e of his inability to choose which role to play.      In Act One, Hamlet appears to be very straightforward in his actions and his role. When his mother questions him, Hamlet says, "Seems, madam? Nay it is. I know not seems" (1.2.76). By saying this, Hamlet lets Gertrude know that he is what she sees, torn over his father&8217s death. Later, he makes a clear statement about his state of mind when he commits himself to revenge. "I&8217ll wipe away all trivial genial records, all saws of books, all forms, all pressures past, that youth and observation copied there, and thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain" (1.5.100-104). In that statement, Hamlet is declaring that he will be committed to nothing else but the revenge of his fathers death. There is no confusion about Hamlet&8217s reputation in Act One. He has said earlier that he is what he appears to be, and there is no reason to doubt it.   & nbsp  In the next act, Hamlet&8217s intentions suddenly become confusing. In the first act, Hamlet was dedicated and inspired in seeking revenge. However, when Hamlet appears again in the second act, he loses the conviction that was present earlier. He has yet to take up the orders assigned to him by the ghost. He spends the act walking around, reading, and talking with Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenst... ...ave loved her, but he did not. Had he loved her he would not have treated her so poorly earlier. He is now committed to acting, and loving Ophelia fits the role. In the rest of the play Hamlet sticks to his resolve. He barely has time to tell his story of escape to Horatio before he is challenged. He does not refuse the challenge because as nobility, he cannot refuse he has to keep his honor. Hamlet goes to the match and because he has now accepted the role, he does not hesitate to kill the King when prompted to do so.      passim the whole play, Hamlet wrestles with an inner conflict that ultimately costs not only Claudius&8217 life, but also many others, including his own. He even feels that compete one role can transform his inner feelings as well. While one moment Hamlet is committed to revenge, the next moment he is not sure if Claudius was the killer. In one scene Hamlet praises acting and realizes his role, but in the next he decides to put off his deeds. If Hamlet had followed through with his actions, and had not debated so often, there would have been fewer deaths. Hamlet&8217s inability to act lead to everyone&8217s demise.

Cats Rule :: essays research papers

"A traverse is a mans best friend." That common saying may consume some truth, but dogs argon not the only animal friend whose companionship people enjoy. For many people, a cat is their best friend. Despite what dog lovers may believe, cats make excellent ho hirepets.In the first place, people enjoy the companionship of cats. Many cats are affectionate. They will snuggel up and ask to be petted, or scrached under the chin. Who can resist a purring cat? If theyre not feeling affectionate, cats are generally quite playfull. They love to chase balls and feathers, or just slightly anything dangling from a string. They especially enjoy playing when their owners are participating in the game. Contrary to popular opinion, cats can be trained. Using rewards and punishments, just akin with a dog, a cat can be trained to avoid unwanted behaviour or preform tricks. Cats will even fetchIn the second place, cats are civilized members of the household. Unlike dogs, cats do not bark o r make loud noises. Most cats dont even meow very often. They are generally inwardness to lead a quiet existence. Cats also dont often commit "accidents." Mother cats train their kittens to use the litter box, and most cats will use it without fail from that time on. Even stray cats generally understand the concept when shown the box and will use it regularly. Cats do have claws, and owners must make sustenance for this. A tall scratching post in a favorite cat area of the house will usually keep the cat content to leave the furniture alone. As a last resort, of course, cats can be declawed.Lastly, one of the most attractive features of cats as housepets is their ease of care. Cats do not have to be walked. they get plenty of exercise in the house as they play, and they do their buisness in the litter box. Cleaning a litter box is a quick, painless procedure. Cats also take care of their own grooming. Bathing a cat is almost never necessary because under ordinary circumst ances cats rinse themselves. Cats are more particular about personal cleanliness than people are. In addition, cats can be left home alone for a few hours without fear.

A Big Issue for Home Appliance Manufacturers in China :: Outsourcing Retail Partner Manufacturing Essays

A Big Issue for Home Appliance Manufacturers in chinawareHome Appliance manufacturers in china have made great progress accompany the fast development of the consumption of home appliance in the whole nation. There are many native home appliances manufacturers and foreign manufacturers especially those who come from Japan and South Korea, contest for this huge market. The competition among them is highly scorching. To occupy the market, techniques, finance and management are undoubt tools for competing. However, the difference of those three elements among the manufactures become less and less. So another field was focused by those manufacturers and many issues arose. That is seller. It is precise difficult for those manufactures to compete with so many competitors in this big country by only their own branch representatives. Outsourcing retailer become absolutely important. However, commonality retailers cant help too much. What they quest are outsourcing retail partner who kee p stable relationship and impart long term retail service to them. The benefits of outsourcing retail partners are obvious but how to outsource is quite complicate and is the main issue will be discussed.Literature review1. What is outsourcingGThe exposition of outsourcing1. The process of transferring the province for a specific business function from a employee group to a non-employee group (Zhiwei, Kathy, Joseph, 2001)2. The outsource could be define as a service outside the company acting as an extension of the companys business but responsible for its own management, while outsourcing could be defined as employing an outside agency to manage a function formerly carried on inside a company (Rothery and Robertson, 1995)3. A transfer of an administrative responsibility to an outside organization, an arrangement that changes both service delivery and internal staffing patterns. Contracts with consulting firms, however, are also viewed by some as a form of outsourcin g, particularly when pixilated ties develop in long-term relationships.(Johnson and Cox, 1997) Others describe outsourcing as the practice of handling over the planning, management and operation of certain functions to an independent third party (Auerbach, 1996). decision new suppliers and new ways to secure the delivery of raw materials, goods components and services, by utilizing the knowledge, experience and creativity of new suppliers not used previously (Thames, 1994) 2. The benefits of outsourcing a supply partnerTo know the reason why the home appliance manufactures need to outsource retail partner. As Partner outsourcing is only a part of outsourcing, we need to find benefits or advantage gained from outsourcing and we can see all the benefits of partner outsourcing from there.

Discuss sex differences in parental investment

Trivers suggests that p atomic number 18ntal enthronisation differs because of the sex differences that exist surrounded by males and females. From the outset of p atomic number 18nthood, females make a greater biological invest workforcet accordingly males. Notably, females reproductive system is more than precious as they produce very few eggs whilst males produce a large military issue ofcom/exercise-43/ sperm. This suggests that the biological aspect of conceiving a child is much more costly for females hence their greater parental investment. As a result of this, females have to be much chooser in their selection of a male as they do not want to waste their eggs.It is not rightful(prenominal) a large prenatal investment that females make but it is also much larger postnatal investment. Due to the immaturity of human babies at birth compared to other mammals, thither is an extended period of childcare featuring breastfeeding. Males are unable to breastfeed as thus the fema les role is much more dominant and explains wherefore they have high levels of investment at this stage and why she may seek a man with good genes and commitment to the relationship. This supports Busss cocker cultural findings that women value material resources in potential partners, whereas males, who make less parental investment, have multiple matings with young females.This greater investment of females can be further explained by parental certainty. Females paternity can be certain as the pregnancy is happening internally. However, males cannot be as certain that the child is theirs. For this reason, it is suggested that males protect themselves from the rick of cuckoldry by being reluctant to invest heavily in offspring.Sexual infidelity is not just a risk for males investing in offspring that is not genetically theirs but it is also a risk for females. This is because if a male carries out inner infidelity, they bear a child with another woman and the male will invest in that offspring, diverting his resources away from the original relationship. This explains why males are more jealous of the sexual act and females are more jealous in the shift of emotional focus. Buss et al support the differences in jealously between males and females, as he found that males showed more distress for the sexual element whereas females showed more distress for the emotional element.As a result of sex differences in parental investment, some women may choose to use cuckoldry as a method of obtaining more resources from multiple men and thus decrease own individualised investment. However, this method carries great risk for the female as this could lead to abandonment or retention strategies such as violence.Parental investment surmisal suggests that men dont want to father children that arent theirs as they will use up all their resources. Anderson found that this wasnt the case. They found that fathers and stepfathers did not eliminate between children who were biological and those who were their partners children.Parental investment models have been critiqued for lacking relevance to real life and modern society because now females and males some(prenominal) work hard to attend to children and do house chores. It is a shared responsibility and investment. This means this idea is outdated.The theory also supports gender stereotyping as males are seen to be evolutionally programmed to be promiscuous. Not all males act in this manner, especially in extreme religious groups where sec is not practised before marriage.Trivers theory also tells us little about homosexual relationships which are not reproductive. It assumed we are all a product of our genes in pursuit of genteelness these, which is a de shapeinist viewpoint.The theory is also very nature and evolutionary based. Trivers theory assumes sexual attraction is all about babies and ignores it can be for amusement rather than reproduction, highlighted by the wide use of contraception . Not all mating is long term and women do also engage in short term relationships such as one night stands and affairs. Therefore, his theory is oversimplified, animalistic, and deterministic and suffers from evolutionary reductionism.In conclusion, a physiological approach can better explained to show the contrastive parental investments. Geher et al found that males showed a greater AMS arousal when presented with scenarios that showed the real costs of parenting. This is a consistent with the theory of parental investment as males are found to be less prepared than females for dealing with parental issues.

Person Centred Care MDT Essay

This essay will discuss the concept of person centred reverence, why ser-vice drug procedurers ar at the centre of any finiss made. The sizeableness of this when developing a plan of cover to an individual with insanity within a community care setting with limited mobility. What the structure of the mutli disciplinal is when convolute in uttering a package of care and how the different use of goods and servicess involved contribute to the tyrannical outcomes Principles of care as stated by the Royal College of Nursing (2013) outlines guidelines what attentioning users should expect from the nurs-ing profession, whether you are a nurse, health care assistant, community nurse, a suffice user, family member. You are addicted the information of what to expect when you are in feeling with any of the services or who actually are providing a service. Within the community sector this is crucial as it gives carers a guideline on how to rescue the best possible care and ho w they should conduct themselves when dealing with vulnerable people. The Royal College of nursing (2013) outlines 8 principles of care they consist of that all health care assistants, nurses direct all service users with dignity, respect, show understanding of the service users needs. To be non judgemental in the care be provided, whilst showing compassion and sensitivity.Read morePerson Centred shell out EssayAll nurses and health care assistants take responsibility for their actions in the care they are providing whilst also being answerable for any action and decision that they take. To manage and assess risk to ensure the safety of the service user and other(a)s. To promote the care that is being given putting the service user at the centre of that care, whilst also involving any family members. To ensure that the service user is fully informed of any treatment, to enable them to make an informed choice. All health care assistant and nurses are in the front line for commun icating any changes of the service user, recording such things, communicating with other members on the care being provided, whilst maintaining confidentiality. Have up to date intimacy and skills in order to deliver the highest possible level of care to everyone. Work c nod offly with other profes-sionals to ensure that persistency of care is followed to have the best possible outcome for the service user and the staff team up. To develop themselves, to encourage and highlight to other passkeys the importance of updating knowledge and skills. Many people have different definitions on what Person centred care approaches mean to each individual profession and what theirroles involve when tooling person centred care.The Health Foun-dation 2014 suggests that more person centered care is needed, so that people are take fored to make informed decisions about manag-ing their own health and care. In order for this to slide by changes in behavior and mindset from patients and clinici ans supported by a service that has patients at the heart of it. Policies and practice guidelines need to support patients and clinicians to take on freshly roles and relationships. Ford 2012 wrote an article on what the value of patient care is this was described as the 6 Cs which stand for care, compassion, com-petence, communication, courage and commitment. Brooker (2007) states that by providing a supportive environment for interaction, whilst taking into account that all human life is mainly grounded by relationships. Within the community environment People hapless from dementia requires and need a fulfilling social environment which enables them to have opportunities for growth within the environment that compensates for their impairments. Brooker focuses on the actual diagnosis and how best to help service user to maintain a social connection within a safe environment with the help of staff who understands their condition.Whilst the article that Ford had written expands the key points on how professionals should take into consideration and act when looking subsequently people and communicating with them also. Tuchmans theory (1965) suggests that in order for a positive outcome to demote indeed 4 stages of process would need to be imprinted through within a group slip. These stages are forming, storming, norming and performing. Person centred care was first used in relation to people with demen-tia by a Professor visited Tim Kitwood who founded the Bradford de-mentia Group in the 1980s. His aim was to steer away from the medical diagnosis of dementia and to help those livelihood with the ill-ness to live and be treated as an individual. To acknowledge that these people did have a voice even though in the medical eyes they were slowly losing their own mind. He wrote about the Enriched Model (1997) which detailed opportunities to maximise the well being of a person suffering from dementia whilst enhancing their daily living of the other elements t hat affect the person.For example people suffering from dementia have many challenges to deal with. They have the gradual memory loss but also lose the interaction with others, communication becomes repetitive and in the past, how to eat, drink, co ordination, coping with mood changes, general dailyliving skills become more difficult to complete on with depression. Buijssen 2005 suggests that depression is a main factor with dementia due to lots of feelings of helplessness and anxiety which tummy produce the service user to have ambitious out bursts. To enable a person to remain in their home safely and independently other people will be involved. This depends on how travel the dementia is, otherwise the service user would be placed within a residential or nursing home. Maureen Guirdham (1995) suggests that by practising empathy when communicating with a service user, seeing things from their point of view and not just by a medical point of view usher out build a positive prof essional relationship.Some professionals at measure use their position to influence a service user to see things from the professional point of view this can cause a barrier to communication because the service user feels that they are not being treated as an individual. That the professional is using a form of mantelpiece suggestion and solution to their problem. Having a common ground of understanding of what it is to be achieved. Initially within the early stages social workers, mental health nurses, general practitioners, spoken language and language therapists, mobility spe-cialists, and the NHS. Within a community setting district nurses, general practitioners, and at dates the emergency services such as the mobile paramedics and ambulance gang are the main sources of the multi disciplinary team that as carers we would normally work a colossalside with. Jefferies & Chan 2004 describes how multi disciplinary teams work the main mechanism to ensure truly holistic care for pa tients and a seamless service for patients throughout their disease trajectory and across the boundaries of primary, secondary and tertiary care. Carrier & Kendall 1995 also describes how inter disciplinary teams work implying a willingness to share and indeed give up exclusive claims to specialist knowledge and authority, if the needs of the client can be met more effectively by other professional groups.Not all of these will be involved but people with dementia require different specialists at different epochs of the diagnosis. Almost everyone is registered with a general practitioner. It is the job of the general practitioners to offer high standards of care to all their patients regardless of their health needs. To represent a continuing and long term relationship, with all their patients including those who are vulnerable (Pritchard 2001). More and more general Practitioners (GPs) are workingwithin an extended team of professionals who they can carry on to for advice and gui dance. General Practitioners are the first people who are approached when a family member are feared to have the onset of dementia. GPs will refer the person to the mental health team to have an judicial decision to see if there are any concerns to have (Mental Health scrap 2005). Once the assessment has been done and the diagnosis had been confirmed then a social worker with the relevant experience of mental health issues will be assigned to implement further care decisions. A social worker works with people who have been socially isolated or who are experiencing crisis mentally or physically. Their role is to provide support to enable service users to help themselves. They maintain professional relationships with service users, acting as guides, advocates. Social workers work in a var. of settings within a framework of relevant legislation and procedures, supporting individuals, families and groups within the community.Settings whitethorn include the service users home or schoo ls, infirmarys or the premises of other public sector and voluntary organizations. This could be introducing carers from an agency to help with daily living needs, preparing food (Roper et al 1996) Day centres can be arranged for the person to be able continue interactions with others, by still being around professionals who understands their needs and condition. Dementia tears layer away at a person at each stage of its progression, (Alzheimers Society 2014) The World Bank 2011 describes what empowerment means Em-powerment is the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Central to this process is actions which both build individ-ual and collective assets, and improves the efficiency and fairness of the organisation and institutional context which govern the use of these assets. Mental health nurses work with people suffering from various mental health conditions, they also work alongside their family and careers to offer help and support in dealing with their condition.There work involves helping the patient to recover from their illness or to come to terms with it in order to lead a positive and full life. The nurses may specialize in working with children or older people, or in a specific area such as have disorders. Mental health nurses often work in multidisciplinary teams, liaising with psychiatrists, psychologists, occupational therapists, GPs, social workers and other health professionals.As a registered mental health nurse (RMN), they may work with pa-tients in a variety of settings including their own homes, community healthcare centres, hospital outpatients departments or specialist units, or secure residential units. notwithstanding though each professional has a specific area or expertise communication is always a key factor to delivering the best support and care to a service user and their families. District nurses have a crucial role in the primary health care team by visiting people in their own homes. District nurses also deliver care and support for patients and their families. With the differences in roles bought together as one within meetings or communication the process of care is flawless but in the real world this does not always happen.The Health Foundation (2013) states that they See patients as match partners in planning, developing and assessing care, to make sure it is appropriate for their needs, putting families and patients at the heart of all decisions. Egans (2010) three stage model the skilled companion explains how professionals can help service users to focus their situation. To be able to ask questions and step by step understand the process. The model helps to empower the person and help them to move toward managing their problems and living more effectively. The Egans model enables the user to map out what the issues are that require discussion. To explore all possible solutions and what would best arrive at the service user. It enables the professionals to have respect, genuineness to the subject and empathy to the service user. If good active listening skills are re-membered then the outcome will be the best that can be given to the service user. Egans model however all stages do not always have to be considered they are adapted to the situation that requires re solving. Another element that is considered is the SMART aspect which stands for specific, measurable, achievable, the mutli disciplinary team this is where individual roles are separated in order to fulfil their part of the plan of care for a service user.The Department of health (2011) outlines specific guidelines when treating someone with Dementia. These guidelines just like the one that the Department of health released and updated in June 2011 are guidelines and are there to help protect vulnerable people. Working within the community I found I was working alongside more people suffering from early stages of dementia and having more insight into how dementia affects the person enabled me to have a better approach to deal with the care thatwas being provided. 1000 lives sum 2012 that was written by Davies stated that Seeing the patients illness as a continuum surrounded by treatment and rehabilitation leads naturally to partnership between organisations. Departments across health and social services co-operate to fulfil the patients needs, and the relevant providers need to be working together at all stages of care to properly anticipate the next step, particularly the return home after in-patient care. This report emphasised that even though Esther arriving at a NHS hospital was ok and the staff where very polite and caring.The sys-tem still had failures especially when Esther had to wait five and a half hours to be seen and after being in see with thirty six people professionals and repeatedly repeating information for someone who could not breath caused a lot of distressed. By establishing some of the professionals roles within the multi dis-ciplinary team and how government legislation and guidelines impact on how care is provided. In the community for someone who has dementia and other physical needs how efficient are the multi disciplinary team? Sometimes available equipment is based on budget from local councils, so as availability of professional bodies. A person I looked after in the community had a diagnosis of dementia. Visiting them daily sometimes four times a day assessing their needs and any changes daily was important to maintain their safety within their home. Any personal care, breakfast, dinner, tea and bed time all had to follow a strict routine.There came a time when this service user was falling a lot so with the reports given by carers to their head office it was decided the social worker should make a visit they managed to get some adaptations put in place. A wheel frame that could be used to carry things on as it had a tray at the top and at the bottom, the social worker also got a waist alarm, similar to the wrist or necklace type alarm that is linked to a call centre. So if this service user fell the belt would activate automatically because the sensor knew it had to be vertical not horizontal. Within the guidelines of the company policy and given the rights of the person to choose to stay at home, every safety measure to reduce risk was taken by all parties. The service user matte at ease with everyday tasks as before they where a problem. The simple things that we take for granted are the things that need to be taken into account for others. (Human rights Act 1998).Jeremy Hughes, Chief Executive at Alzheimers Society said Todays announcementshows that by entering your postcode you enter a lottery. Depending on where you live you may be more or less likely to get a timely diagnosis of dementia and access to the support you need. This is merely unacceptable. Wherever you live, you should be entitled to care and support when you have Alz-heimers disease or any form of dementia. It is a National Health Service. It is time to stop treating people with dementia as second class citizens. (2013) By introducing the appropriate training and having diagnosiss being given earlier then people will this diagnosis may stop feeling that they are just being a pain to society and that they still have a function within society. The NHS Wales (2010) five year plan included guidelines to em-power the professionals on the front line for example clinical and non clinical staff to lead changes and deliver the highest possible care available.All these proposals of improving the NHS and the services attached to them is a positive sign for change but as we all know changes can only happen if the funding is available which predominantly involves the tax payers. Some changes that will happen will be making primary care trusts and strategic health authorities abolished and replacing them with one organisation such as the c linical commissioning groups. Who will over sea and involve local authorities in a bigger role to handle budgets. How effective these changes will be to improve the entire system will only be seen in a report that will be released sometime in 2015 as stated in the NHS (2010) five year plan. Main reasoning for continual reviews is to establish a better link to all professions to enable the protection of the vulnerable and to have the sufficient resources to enable action to be taken so that the banish cases that are reported do not happen again.

Dementia Care Essay

Dementia is a normal condition that affects about 800,000 people in the UK. Your risk of development dementia increases as you know older, and the condition publicly occurs in people oer the age of 65. Dementia is a syndrome associated with an ongoing decline of the brain and its abilities. This includes problems with storehouse deviationthinking speedmental agilitylanguageunderstandingjudgmentPeople with dementia terminate lose interest in their usual activities, and assume problems supportling their emotions. They whitethorn also find social situations ch tout ensembleenging, lose interest in socializing, and aspects of their constitution whitethorn change. A soul with dementia may lose empathy (understanding and compassion), they may see or hear things that other people do non (hallucinations), or they may make false claims or statements. As dementia affects a mortals mental abilities, they may find planning and organizing difficult. Being independent may also deceas e a problem. A person with dementia will therefore usually need help from friends or relatives, including help with decision making. Most types of dementia cant be cured, but if it is detected early there ar ways to slow it down and maintain mental function. Dementia is a collection of symptoms including memory injustice, personality change, and impaired intellectual functions resulting from disease or trauma to the brain. These changes are not part of normal aging and are severe enough to impact routine living, independence, and relationships. There will likely be noticeable decline in converse, nurture, re outgrowthing, and problem solving. These changes may occur quickly or real slowly over time. Common signs and symptoms of dementia includeMemory lossImpaired judgmentDifficulties with abstract thinkingFaulty reasoningInappropriate behaviourLoss of communication skillsDisorientation to time and placeGait, motor, and balance problemsNeglect of personal solicitude and saf etyHallucinations, paranoia, agitationTypes of dementiaThere are many types of dementia both(prenominal) of them areAlzheimers disease it is the most common disease cause of dementia and affects or so 496.000 people in UK. Alzheimers disease, first described by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, is a physical disease alter the brain. During the course of the disease, protein plaques and tangles develop in the structure of the brain, principaling to the death of brain cells. People with Alzheimers also have a shortage of some essential chemicals in their brain. These chemicals are involved with the transmission of messages within the brain. Alzheimers is a progressive disease, which subject matter that gradually, over time, more parts of the brain are damaged. As this happens, the symptoms become more severe. Vascular dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimers disease. It is caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain. Vascular dementia affects different people in different ways and the speed of the progression varies from person to person. Typically, the symptoms of vascular dementia begin suddenly, for example after a stroke. Vascular dementia a lot follows a stepped progression, with symptoms remaining at a constant level for a time and then suddenly deteriorating. Some symptoms may be similar to those of other types of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. However, people with vascular dementia may particularly experience problems with speed of thinking, concentration and communication depression and anxiety accompanying the dementiasymptoms of stroke, such as physical weakness or paralysis memory problems (although this may not be the first symptom) seizures Periods of severe confusion.Also there are different types of vascular dementia. The difference between these types depends on what has caused the damage in the brain, and which part of the brain has been damaged. Dementia with lewy bod ies (DLB) this type of dementia shares symptoms with both Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease. DLB its often mistakenly diagnosed as some other conditions. Lewy bodies, named after the doctor who first identified them, are tiny deposits of protein in nerve cells. Researchers take int have a full understanding of why Lewy bodies appear in the brain, or how they contribute to dementia. However, their presence is linked to low levels of important chemical messengers and to a loss of connections between nerve cells. Over time, there is progressive death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. Lewy bodies are the underlying cause of several progressive diseases affecting the brain and nervous system, notably DLB and Parkinsons disease. The symptoms a person experiences will depend on where the Lewy bodies are in the brain. Lewy bodies at the base of the brain are closely linked to problems with movement (motor symptoms). These are the main feature of Parkinsons disease.Lewy bodies in the outer layers of the brain are linked to problems with mental abilities (cognitive symptoms), which are mark of DLB. Movement problems and changes in mental abilities can occur together. About one third of people diagnosed with Parkinsons disease eventually develop dementia. Similarly, at least two thirds of people with DLB develop movement problems at some point. The symptoms of DLB and Parkinsons disease dementia become more similar as the conditions progress. Together they are referred to as Lewy body dementias. P2 Outline possible effects of dementia on an individuals health and quality of life. As dementia progresses, memory loss and difficulties with communication often become very severe. In the later stages, the person is likely to neglect their own health and require constant care and attention. dexterous effects People with advanced dementia may not recognise close family and friends they may not remember where they live or know where they are. They may find it impossibl e to understand simple pieces of information carry out basic tasks or follow instructions.Physical effects Some forms of dementia dont get worse over time. But Alzheimers and many other dementias do worsen, and they include physical changes that can have an impact on an individuals health. It is not uncommon for people in the later phases ofdementia to move in a stiff or jerky manner. particularly with Alzheimers, stiff, jerky movements just tend to happen as the dementia progresses. People who suffer from dementia also tend to become physically unable to control their body functions, reminding them to go to the bathroom once every two hours can help. Some people may eventually be unable to walk and may become bedbound. People with vascular dementia may also experience stroke-like symptoms, including muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of their body. lyric Communication problems It is common for people with dementia to have increasing difficulty speaking and they may eventual ly lose the ability to speak altogether.It is important to conserve trying to communicate with them and to recognise and use other, non-verbal means of communication, such as expression, touch and gestures. Social effects people who suffer from dementia may become less sensitive to other peoples emotions, perhaps making them seem cold and un regaining. They also tend to lose interest in activities such as socialising with others. As the illness progresses youll have to start discussions in order to get the person to make conversation. This is common. Their ability to process information gets increasingly weaker and their responses can become delayed. Eating, appetite and loss of weight Loss of appetite and weight loss are common in the later stages of dementia. Its important that people with dementia get help at mealtimes to ensure they eat enough. Many people have trouble eating or swallowing and this can lead to choking, chest infections and other problems. Economic impactsDement ia has significant social and economic implications in terms of direct medical cost, direct social costs and the costs of informal care. Impact on families and caregiversDementia is overwhelming for the families of affected people and for their caregivers. Physical, emotional and economic pressures can cause great stress to families and caregivers, and support is indispensable from the health, social, financial and legal systems.M1 Asses possible effects of different types of dementia on individuals and their families. Caring for a person with dementia can be challenging. Theneeds of the person may often come before your own and this can mean that you struggle to manage everything. There are positive aspects of caring, such as learning new skills, building on existing ones, strengthening relationships and supporting someone who is important to you. However, it can also be both physically and mentally exhausting. It affects all aspects of your life and can lead to increased isolatio n, stress, conflicting emotions and sometimes depression. Carers also have their own physical and mental health needs, which can be miss when caring for a person with dementia. It is important for carers look after them so that they do not become unwell and can continue to support the person they care for. Some of the feeling carers/family often develop while looking after a person with dementia are GuiltIts very common to feel shamefaced for the way the person with dementia was treated in the past, conscience-smitten at feeling embarrassed by their odd behaviour, guilty for lost tempers or guilty for not wanting the responsibility of caring for a person with dementia. If the person with dementia goes into hospital or residential care you may feel guilty that you have not kept him at home for longer, even though everything that could be done has been done. It is common to feel guilty about past promises such as Ill always look after you, when this cannot be met. Grief and lossIf someone close develops dementia, the people who were around them are faced with the loss of the person they used to know and the loss of a relationship. People caring for partners may experience grief at the loss of the future that they had planned to share together. AngerIt is natural to feel frustrated and angryangry at having to be a caregiver, angry with others who do not seem to be helping out, angry at the person with dementia for her difficult behaviours. Sometimes people feel like shaking, pushing or striking the person with dementia. Feelings of distress, frustration, guilt, exhaustion and annoyance are quite normal. However, if the care giver feels like this he/she should talk to a doctor or a member of their society. Children and teenagers are also affected by the fact that someone from their family e.g. grandmother develops dementia. Children oftenexperience a wide range of emotions when a parent or grandparent has Alzheimers disease. Younger children may be fearful tha t they will get the disease or that they did something to cause it. Sometimes the younger members of the family do not get all the attention they need because of so much focus on the person who has dementia. They can end up feeling left out.As children do not know or recognize the illness they may feel confused at the persons behaviour towards them and can also feel sad because the person with dementia does not longer recognize them. Children may feel fearful because of an unexplained bad behaviour from the person with the illness and this can affects them emotionally. Teenagers may become resentful if they must take on more responsibilities or feel embarrassed that their parent or grandparent is different. College-bound children may be indisposed to leave home.

My life Essay

1.My name is miyuru niwan hettige.I am 28 stratums old. I was born in Badulla on 10,September,1984.I am the put in my family. My parents were very happy when i was born. I have one brother and one sister. Brother is elder than me and sister is younger than me. My father was Clark and draw was a teacher. When we were In Monaragala we rented a house. After three years we came to my mothers home town at Haputhale and built a house there. Since that clock we are living In Haputhale.2.I have done my primary education in B/ Weerakoongama vidyalaya .It is situated in Haldummulla divisional secretariat heavens. During that period I was very naughty and fight with others. But each term test I was became 1st. In 1995 I was passed year 5 scholarship and I curb 166 marks as highest marks obtain within the zonal. Then I entered to the Nalanda college Colombo for my secondary education. That is the period which changed my life. Nalanda collage is one of main Buddhist direct in Sri Lanka. I was boarded at schools hostel due to long distance from my home place. At the hostel I learnt how mange myself and. Earlier it was speckle harder to adapt to environment and to away from my mother, father, and sister. when I entered to the Nalanda brother also a student there.Because he also entered to the Nalanda College on previous reason of got through from the year 5 scholarships. How ever so I have done lot of extra activities there. I was member of school Hockey and Football team. Same time I was member and vice president of science society. I have done my O/L exam in year 2000 and I got 7 attribute and 3 credit passes. I have done my A/L examination in year 2003 and I got 1 B pass and 02 C passes. Then I followed a driving course in a learners school and obtained driving license. At the same time I applied galore(postnominal) applications for various occupations. But Luckily I had a chance to join to Sri Lanka Navy.3.1st February 2005 was the one of haunting day of my lif e. At that day I joined to Sri Lanka navy as military officer cadet. There were 40 officer cadets joined with me to the intake of 42. indeed we were trained for lead the future war. We underwent lot of hard instaldness at that time period. we got a opportunity to on board INS Tharangani we was able to sail from Colombo to Trincimalee. It was five days voyage and we got lots of experience. I was fit out on 27 April 2007 as Acting sub Lieutenant. During my training period I was 7th in position.4.After my commissioning I got my 1st appointment as additional officer onboard SLNS Shakthi ship and complete 8 months there .Then I went to India for my sub lieutenant technological course. I had good experience as advantageously as nice chance to interact with foreign officers and share knowledge with them during that period I went to various parts in India for learn various technical subjects. I secured 6th place in academics among 20 other officers. Same time I visited lot of interest ing places in India such as Goa metropolis Hyderabad city, saw some waterfall, ect.5.In 2008 I returned to Sri Lanka and took over appointment as 3rd in command onboard fast attack craft P437. I had a many battle experience during that period. Because final phase of humanitarian operation going on that time. I was serve fast attack craft until end of the war. therefore I promoted as Lieutenant on 2009and appointed as 2nd in command onboard fast attack.6.Craft P417, after that I served onboard ship A523 ,ex princes crishsntha which is took over from LTTE. then I obtained my degree present from Kelaniya university, as bachelor of Naval studies. It was a result of 3 year training programme including foreign training. It was the highest education certificate I obtained in my career.7.After complete 4 year service in various crafts and ships I took over my 1st shore appointment which is additional officer SLNS Elara. It is the oldest shore establish in northern peninsula which controll ed by Sri Lanka Navy. Firstly I was appointed as officer in charge of sailors advance training school. In addition I have to look after boat officer duties also.SLNS Elara is the one of nice base I ever served. I think it is accolade to serve that kind of environment in northern part of Sri Lanka. Other thing is one of famous Buddhist temple situated In that area as well as all the assistance given by this base. I had very good experience during that period.Finally I was appointed as manager of naval sewing centre in Delft Island. It is staff officer appointment and I was under commander northern naval area. It also fresh experience for me and I have to work with civil girls who are in Delft Island. Normally this type of appointment holds by logistic officers. But as a new concept naval head quarters has decided to appoint executive officers for this appointment. I learned about garment field, How to prepare salary, EPF, ETF, how to deal with cheque, who to prepare account, etc. W hen I turn back it was many memorable incidents in my life. I ill never forget that day I enter to Nalanda collage.It was turn of events point of my life.The day I joined Sri Lanka Navy is also memorable for my life. The day that Elam war has ended after 32 years also, one ofthe unforgettable day of my life. I feel proud about my self being part of that humanitarian operation. My fathers expired day was the worst ever experience I ever had. Changed entire my life after that incident. Still painful for remind that incident. Because hero of my life was my beloved father. At that period he was appointed as confidential secretary of examination department. I played many sports during my school period and among them cricket is the favorite game as well as watch cricket is one of my hobby. Other than that I like to visit all over the world. Im still single and expecting to Marie near future.

My Antonia

The book, My Antonia, by Willa Cather is a superlative piece of realism and vivid flooringtelling. The novel relates, through the eyes of narrator, Jim Burden, the fact-based story of a Bohemian girl, Antonia Shimerda, thrown into wiped out(p) farm life. The colorful and sensible traits of the title character, combined with a memorable theme, endear this book to all who blossom its cover. The first of these traits is the virtue of caring. Antonia watched over the children of her employer as if they were her own. She frequently acquainted them with the vibrant stories from her childhood and comforted them in their time of trouble.Additionally demonstrating her loving qualities, she was never embarrassed of her illegitimate child and was always an stupendous mother. Finally, Antonia fiercely defended her family against insult, even to the points of vowing never to again notice one of her friends. Clearly, Antonia was the epitome of this virtue. Perseverance is the next attribute w hich had been meliorate by this young Bohemian. She always did the changeless manual labor that was necessary to run the farm well. On the other hand, insisting to go to the dances every night, Antonia started neglecting her work.Also, she persisted in seeing boys whom she hardly knew this habit in the end cost Antonia her job. Antonia is surely an example that persevering is not always a first-class quality of character. Another genius characteristic of Antonia is her naivety. She persisted in traveling to capital of Colorado to marry a flighty young man, who, shortly after, left her and their unborn child. Additionally, trying to fit in, Mrs. Shimerda began to always robe like the other girls. Through this sample, it is patent that this Bohemian, although mature in some ways, was ignorant of the seriousness of life.My AntoniaThe book, My Antonia, by Willa Cather is a superlative piece of realism and vivid storytelling. The novel relates, through the eyes of narrator, Jim Bur den, the fact-based story of a Bohemian girl, Antonia Shimerda, thrown into rugged farm life. The colorful and sensible traits of the title character, combined with a memorable theme, endear this book to all who open its cover. The first of these traits is the virtue of caring. Antonia watched over the children of her employer as if they were her own. She frequently acquainted them with the vibrant stories from her childhood and comforted them in their time of trouble.Additionally demonstrating her loving qualities, she was never ashamed of her illegitimate child and was always an exceptional mother. Finally, Antonia fiercely defended her family against insult, even to the points of vowing never to again notice one of her friends. Clearly, Antonia was the epitome of this virtue. Perseverance is the next attribute which had been perfected by this young Bohemian. She always did the constant manual labor that was necessary to run the farm well. On the other hand, insisting to go to the dances every night, Antonia started neglecting her work.Also, she persisted in seeing boys whom she hardly knew this habit eventually cost Antonia her job. Antonia is surely an example that persevering is not always a first-class quality of character. Another personality characteristic of Antonia is her naivety. She persisted in traveling to Denver to marry a flighty young man, who, shortly after, left her and their unborn child. Additionally, trying to fit in, Mrs. Shimerda began to always dress like the other girls. Through this sample, it is obvious that this Bohemian, although mature in some ways, was ignorant of the seriousness of life.

War for Independence

Waging War for liberty (1764 1783) Stephanie Maharaj History 1301 Antrece Baggett October 12, 2012 The thirteen colonies moved from peaceful resistance to outright fight against the British governings tame programs of new taxes and regulations during the period of (1764-1783). These new programs had a significant impact on the people of the colonies, and caused a great uproar. Protests broke out, and eventu in solelyy the American Revolution came into the picture.I leave explain some of the reasons colonists rebelled against the new reform programs, the roles African Americans played during the American Revolution, how the patriots achieved the unity needed to wage the War for Independence, and the impact the American Revolution had on the autochthonous Americans. First, I will start with the opposition the colonists had when it came to the Sugar, Currency, and impression Acts. Unlike the Molasses Act which benefited the people of the colonies, the new acts imposed on them w ere just a commit and quite unfair. The Sugar Act came about during the time that George Grenville was appointed as first minister.His responsibility was to solve the debt crisis they were facing. Since the British at home were highly taxed, Grenvilles solution was to tax the Americans since he felt they benefited from the war. Needless to say, the Sugar Act was primarily to raise tax rather than regulate trade. The Sugar Act eliminated the profits trade between the Continental colonies and the French and Spanish. This angered the colonists on with the newly added Currency Act which forbade the colonies from issuing paper money, thus creating a shortage of currency.Next came the Stamp Act which provoked an even greater storm of protest. The law departed entirely from the confines of mercantilist policy. Parliament just wanted to raise internal revenue so that they could use that money to pay troops in the colonies. The colonists were extremely infuriated because for them this me ant that they had to purchase stamps for official documents and published papers, which included a multitude of items. alone publications and transactions were subject to this special tax. To make matters worse, the colonists were only permitted to in specie.They habitually used paper money and credit instead of the scarce gold and silver. bingle of the groups of people involved in the American Revolution was the African American group. Lord Dun much, royal Governor of Virginia, declared all indented servants, Negroes, or others (owned by rebels) free, that were equal to(p) and willing to bear gird and join His Majestys Troops. The blacks were divided into two specific groups the free blacks and slaves. The British wanted to disrupt and weaken the colonists so thats why they offered the southern slaves emancipation.The Whigs considered this foul play and as a consequence they increased slave patrols and warned of harsh punishments to those who ran away or took up arms against th eir masters. The penalty for slave rebellion was death. Although threatened, the African Americans still aided the British by joining the army and employing their firsthand knowledge of the Chesapeake Bay. Some served as pilots along its tributaries others delivered fresh provisions to the British ships by foraging plantations at night. African Americans certainly played a role within the American Revolution, but they reliable little welcome from the Whigs.When the Americans created an army from volunteer forces besieging Boston, they excluded slaves and even free blacks from participating. The patriots achieved the unity they needed to wage the War for Independence because of the British Governments constant restrictions and need to be in control. The British expected the Coercive Acts to isolate Boston and convince other provinces to be obedient, but instead all the acts did was push the Americans toward unity. The patriots knew they had to work together to even stand a chance at breaking away from Britains overbearingness.Their unity grew even stronger when the British government sent General Cage to take forceful action. His method of doing that was attempting to seize the patriots stores of food and ammunition at Concord which he larn about from an informer. Militant Bostonians had spies that ended up discovering Gages plan, and they were ready to spread the alarm. This is the moment the patriots stood as one unit. It didnt matter that they were not finished being trained and were unprepared. They all came out to fight, and they fought for all the same basic reasons.There were numerous battles that were yet to come, but this was the start of the patriots unity. Eventually all of the battles/wars led to drafting of the Declaration of Independence, which some people believe to be the ultimate reason the patriots achieved the unity they needed to wage the war for independence. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and set forth C ongresss reasons for separating from the government George III the revolutionaries focused on the kings offenses because they had already denied the sovereignty of Parliament.The Native Americans were also another group wedge by the American Revolution. Many took the side of the Americans but the majority sided with the British and assisted them in this revolution. Native Americans believed the Americans were more of a direct threat to them because they lived on the continent and would immediately take the put down. Native Americans assimilated, and adopted new norms and customs of white America. The result of the American Revolution was a win for the American Whigs. They were finally able to create a new government and not be ruled by a king or anyone of nobility.Unfortunately for the Native Americans, the new government gave them the short end of the stick. They got exactly what they were afraid of, and that was their land being at stake. Their land rights were not respected. As it is evident, the colonies tried to maintain some sort of composure and not have to resort to violence with the British Government. They quickly transitioned from this peaceful resistance to outright war because the British Government kept intervening in their lives and trying to have control of every aspect of it.When things got out of hand, the American Revolution took place and it impacted everyone including the African Americans, Native Americans, the British, and etc. The result of the war for independence was success for the patriots and since many Native Americans sided with and assisted the British, their outcome was losing what they feared most. Theyre land was not respected and they had no control over that. Works Cited Edward Ayers, Lewis Gould, David Oshinsky, and Jean Soderlund. American Passages 4th Edition A History of the United States. No. 4 (2009) 1-170